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Why does Firefox allow ssl connections to a server, the certificate of which was issued by an intermediate certificate ...

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Why does https://admin.booking.com work in firefox but not in openssl:

  1. openssl s_client -connect admin.booking.com:443 -showcerts

CONNECTED(00000003) depth=2 C = US, O = "thawte, Inc.", OU = Certification Services Division, OU = "(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = thawte Primary Root CA verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:0 --- Certificate chain

0 s:/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=NL/businessCategory=Private Organization/O=Booking.com B.V./serialNumber=31047344/C=NL/ST=Noord-Holland/L=Amsterdam/OU=IT Production/CN=admin.booking.com
  i:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./CN=thawte EV SSL CA - G2
1 s:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./CN=thawte EV SSL CA - G2
  i:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./OU=Certification Services Division/OU=(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=thawte Primary Root CA
2 s:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./OU=Certification Services Division/OU=(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=thawte Primary Root CA
  i:/C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/emailAddress=premium-server@thawte.com

This of course fails validation because the issuer certificate "Thawte Premium Server CA" is not present locally.

BUT it is NOT PRESENT in Firefox either - yet firefox accepts the intermediate "thawte EV SSL CA - G2" ! Even if I remove it manually it will be back next time I reload the page. WHY is this? I feel this is not secure!

Why does https://admin.booking.com work in firefox but not in openssl: # openssl s_client -connect admin.booking.com:443 -showcerts CONNECTED(00000003) depth=2 C = US, O = "thawte, Inc.", OU = Certification Services Division, OU = "(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = thawte Primary Root CA verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:0 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=NL/businessCategory=Private Organization/O=Booking.com B.V./serialNumber=31047344/C=NL/ST=Noord-Holland/L=Amsterdam/OU=IT Production/CN=admin.booking.com i:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./CN=thawte EV SSL CA - G2 1 s:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./CN=thawte EV SSL CA - G2 i:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./OU=Certification Services Division/OU=(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=thawte Primary Root CA 2 s:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./OU=Certification Services Division/OU=(c) 2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=thawte Primary Root CA i:/C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/emailAddress=premium-server@thawte.com This of course fails validation because the issuer certificate "Thawte Premium Server CA" is not present locally. BUT it is NOT PRESENT in Firefox either - yet firefox accepts the intermediate "thawte EV SSL CA - G2" ! Even if I remove it manually it will be back next time I reload the page. WHY is this? I feel this is not secure!

All Replies (6)

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hello antimo, when a server provides a full path from its cert to an intermediary certificate which is turn trusted by an built-in root CA, then the connection will be trusted - this is the whole purpose of intermediate certificates & most issued certificates work this way today!

https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=admin.booking.com

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Thanks for the fast response.

The question here is why does Firefox trust the second intermediate certificate (thawte Primary Root CA) when it clearly does not have the necessary built-in root CA (Thawte Premium Server CA).? Firefox even states that "thawte Primary Root CA" could not be verified!

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hi antimo, i'm not sure if i understand the question correctly - but "Thawte Primary Root CA" isn't an intermediary cert but a built-in root certificate.

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Ok more details: the cert "Thawte Primary Root CA" provided by admin.booking.com during hand-shake has SHA1 Fingerprint 1F:A4:90:D1:D4:95:79:42:CD:23:54:5F:6E:82:3D:00:00:79:6E:A2 while the built-in token "Thawte Primary Root CA" has 91:C6:D6:EE:3E:8A:C8:63:84:E5:48:C2:99:29:5C:75:6C:81:7B:81

So they are different certificates. I thought they had to match?


http://pastebin.com/29Kb2EKb is the certificate chain provided by admin.booking.com

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HM - I think I got it both certificates have the same X509v3 Subject Key Identifier - Thats why...

So the extra certificate with issuer 'Thawte Premium Server CA' trips up openssl

Thank you for your time

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Note that Firefox automatically stores intermediate certificates that servers send in the Certificate Manager for future usage. If a server doesn't send a full certificate chain then you won't get an untrusted error when Firefox has stored missing intermediate certificates from visiting a server in the past that has send it, but you do get an untrusted error if this intermediate certificate isn't stored yet.