Does it look the same in safe mode (hold Shift when launching TB)?

Yes, no matter what, it still doesn't work properly

If you can select a message , press 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 to change his color ( the label ) . 0 to delete all labels .

You can do it with the right click

You can see it ?

I can see colored line but still no details about email itself.

One more thing that maybe is or is not related with the issue. The moment all email's details dissapear was moment when I change email signature from simple text to HTML version. But I don't know if both things are related somehow or not.

I also notice you do not have any column headers. Please try this. Your image shows a small icon just above the invisible list in top left corner where you would expect to see column headers. click on that icon to see drop down list and select 'Restore column order'.

I did it and nothing has changed :) Moreover, the problems is related only with this one folder, others works find.

Select a good folder which is displaying ok. Then click on that small icon I mentioned before, but this time select 'Apply columns to' and select 'folder and its children', then choose the account and the problem 'odebrane' folder. Then reselect the 'odebrane' folder.

First , backup your profile folder .

Create a folder , control+a , right click , move to or copy to , choose your new folder .

That fix it ?

Right click on the folder , properties , button fix , may be .

Issue resolved. Thank you for all your help.