I've used this method to move my Thunderbird profile to anothe PC. I don't see why it would not work for moving to another drive. Hope it helps you.

This process copies all the users profile. Be sure that thunderbird is NOT running on either PC. The “Thunderbird” file is the whole profile including folders and mail filters. Do not be confused by the “profile” folder inside the “Thunderbird” folder. You need to copy & paste the whole “Thunderbird” folder. I used this easy method successfully when migrating from a Windows 10 pc to a Windows 11pro machine. When asked to enter %appdata% it does include the % signs.

   1. ensure thunderbird is not running on old machine 
   2. enter %appdata% in search window on task bar and press Enter key 
   3. this should open windows file explorer in Appdata\roaming folder 
   4. highlight the Thunderbird folder and copy to mem stick 
   5. ensure thunderbird is installed on second computer and NOT running 
   6. Plug in your mem stick with the copied Thunderbird folder
   7. enter %appdata% in search window on task bar and press Enter key 
   8. you should be in Appdata\roaming folder , copy&paste the exported Thunderbird folder there. This may prompt to overwrite an existing folder of same name. allow it 
   9. start thunderbird and all should be there

See https://kb.mozillazine.org/Moving_your_profile_folder_-_Thunderbird

1. In Thunderbird, choose File > Offline > Work Offline from the menu bar, so Thunderbird doesn't connect to the server while you're doing this.
2. Locate the profile folder you want to move to another drive.
3. Quit Thunderbird.
4. Copy (don't remove from the original location yet) the profile folder to the desired new location.
5. Launch Thunderbird, choose Help > Troubleshooting Information from the menu bar and click on the about:profiles link there to open the About Profiles built-in Profile Manager.
6. Create a New Profile, read the introductory text if this is new to you, then click Continue. You may name the profile however you want, but I'd choose a name such as "D-Drive" that makes it clear this is a profile stored outside of the default location.
7. Click Choose Folder to choose the profile folder in the new location, then click Done.
8. Click Launch Profile under the new profile in the profile manager to start using the new profile. Don't go online yet, make sure first that everything is working as expected. In particular, you may check the Server Settings > Location Directory of your mail accounts to see that your mail is now being stored where you expect.
9. Go back to the profile manager. The new profile may have already been set as the default. If not, use the Set as default button under it to make it so.
10. Remove the old profile. You'll be given the option to Delete Files, which is the very reason you're doing this.
11. Tell Thunderbird to go back online by unchecking File > Offline > Work Offline.

These instructions are similar to the article linked by christ1, but don't require using the external Profile Manager tool. That additional complication is unnecessary. Recent versions of Thunderbird have the built-in version of the Profile Manager that can be used instead. Both versions of the Profile Manager are documented in the following article:

https://support.mozilla.org/kb/profile-manager-create-and-remove-thunderbird-profiles