If you want to manage email accounts from multiple devices then an email account setup as IMAP instead of POP is recommended. In IMAP the messages stay on the server and you just access them from the various devices. If you are using POP you have to set Thunderbird or any other email client that you use to leave the messages on the server so you can download them to the various devices. In this arrangement if you delete a message on one device it will still be on the server and any other device you downloaded it to and it harder to manage.

There is no version of Thunderbird for smart phones so telling you how to use your android phone is outside the scope of the forum. There should be an email client installed on your phone. You just need to add the details for your email account into that client like you did when you installed Thunderbird on your computer and it should access you email.