Thunderbird is entirely incapable of working with Microsoft Exchange
I am using Thunderbird for my university account. They provide a tutorial on setting up Thunderbird here.
When I follow these steps, I am unable to send emails. I can fetch my inbox, but that's it. I cannot fetch deleted, sent, draft, or junk items. I cannot see any contacts, I cannot see my calendar.
I am using verison 115.8.1.
Wšykne wótegrona (1)
If this is an Exchange network with IMAP and SMTP enabled, it should work with the authentication method set to OAuth2. Remove the passwords from Saved Passwords in Settings, change the authentication for incoming and outgoing, restart TB, enter the account password in the OAuth window to allow access. Not sure about Exchange, but most MS-type accounts copy sent messages to Sent automatically, so uncheck 'Place a copy in' in Account Settings, Copies & Folders, and subscribe the Sent and any other folders by right-clicking the account in the Folder Pane, Subscribe...