Where are you proposing to recover your mail from? If you windows reinstall created a windows.old folder there may be a chance, but otherwise it is a done deal. The drive has been in your own description overwritten so there will be no local data and Thunderbird stores nothing in the cloud. Your mail may still be on the associated mail servers if you were using IMAP or a pop account and had set Thunderbird to not delete mail from the server. But simply adding the account to a new Thunderbird install will download those, no "recovery" required.