There are limitations with Sync for the history: New history is uploaded for 30 days and history expires in 60 days, so older history is lost.

HISTORY_TTL:5184000; // 60 days
THIRTY_DAYS_IN_MS:2592000000; // 30 days
MAX_HISTORY_UPLOAD:5000
MAX_HISTORY_DOWNLOAD:5000

• https://searchfox.org/mozilla-release/source/services/sync/modules/constants.js

Note that Sync isn't designed to be used as a backup, but is merely meant to sync data between connected devices. Best is always to backup your personal data locally.

• https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/back-and-restore-information-firefox-profiles

So even though all of the bookmarks and passwords save for years the history does not? I still have the same profile on the old hard drive.

You can copy places.sqlite from the old profile to transfer the bookmarks and history. This means you lose newer bookmarks, so you need to create a JSON bookmarks backup beforehand and restore this backup after you have copied the old places.sqlite.

You can copy certain files with Firefox closed to the current profile folder to transfer or recover personal data. Note that best is to avoid copying a full profile folder.

• bookmarks and history: places.sqlite
• favicons: favicons.sqlite
• bookmark backups: compressed .jsonlz4 JSON backups in the bookmarkbackups folder
• cookies.sqlite for the Cookies
• formhistory.sqlite for saved autocomplete Form Data
• logins.json (encrypted logins;32+) and key4.db (decryption key;58+) for Passwords saved in the Password Manager
  key3.db support ended in 73+; to use key3.db in 58-72, make sure to remove key4.db
• cert9.db (58+) for (intermediate) certificates stored in the Certificate Manager
• persdict.dat for words added to the spell checker dictionary
• permissions.sqlite for Permissions and possibly content-prefs.sqlite for other website specific data (Site Preferences)
• sessionstore.jsonlz4 for open tabs and pinned tabs (see also the sessionstore-backups folder)